A Review on Doped/Composite Bismuth Chalcogenide Compounds for Thermoelectric Device Applications: Various Synthesis Techniques and Challenges

Abstract One of the global demands primary research objectives is to achieve human energy harvesting and self-powered wearable technologies. Bismuth chalcogenides are trending materials for thermoelectric generators Peltier coolers due their notable figure merit in low- room-temperature range. Systematic alloying bismuth leads a substantial change electrical thermal transport properties. The high ( ZT ) observed rhombohedral crystal structure, lower effective mass, low conductivity, large band degeneracy. This review aimed at identifying quantifying different techniques effectively improving properties doped/composite chalcogenide compounds. also examines various synthesis methods including ball milling (BM), spark plasma sintering (SPS), self-propagating high-temperature (SHS), soft chemical reaction, hydrothermal melt growth (MG), spinning (MS), consolidated synthesis, hot extrusion, with respective figures merit. Since device modification challenging task, this report reviews present on alloys benchmark future development using techniques. Graphical